Top 10 Biggest Cities in Vietnam by Population
Vietnam, a Southeast Asian nation known for its breathtaking landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and resilient spirit, is one of the region’s fastest-growing countries. With its rapidly developing economy and dynamic urban centers, Vietnam boasts cities that are hubs of commerce, culture, and modernity. These cities offer a blend of ancient traditions and cutting-edge technology, historical charm, and contemporary vitality. From bustling metropolises like Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi to smaller but significant cities, each contributes uniquely to the country’s growth and cultural landscape. These urban centers are diverse, bustling, and home to a large portion of Vietnam’s population, making them vital to the country’s social and economic fabric.
Here are the top 10 cities in Vietnam by population.
1. Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)
Overview
Ho Chi Minh City, commonly known as Saigon, is Vietnam’s largest city and a major economic hub. With a population exceeding 9 million, it is the most densely populated city in the country. Located in southern Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City is famous for its vibrant culture, historical landmarks, and dynamic economy, making it a leading city in Vietnam’s modernization.
Historical Significance
Originally a Khmer settlement, Saigon became a prominent city under French colonial rule in the 19th century. Renamed Ho Chi Minh City in honor of the revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh, it retains its historical charm with landmarks like Notre-Dame Cathedral and the Reunification Palace, alongside modern skyscrapers.
Economy and Infrastructure
As Vietnam’s economic powerhouse, Ho Chi Minh City is the center of finance, technology, and trade. The city has a well-developed infrastructure, including Tan Son Nhat International Airport, the busiest airport in Vietnam, and an expansive road network. Major industries include manufacturing, retail, and IT, drawing both local and foreign investments.
2. Hanoi
Overview
Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, is the country’s second-largest city by population, with over 8 million residents. Situated in the northern part of Vietnam along the Red River, Hanoi is known for its centuries-old architecture, rich cultural heritage, and status as a political and educational center.
Historical Legacy
As one of Southeast Asia’s oldest capitals, Hanoi has a history spanning over a thousand years. Its Old Quarter, colonial buildings, and temples, such as the Temple of Literature, highlight its historic charm. Hanoi also played a central role during Vietnam’s struggle for independence, making it a city of immense national pride.
Economic and Cultural Hub
Hanoi is a vital cultural and economic center in Vietnam, with a strong presence of traditional crafts, education, and commerce. Key industries include manufacturing, banking, and tourism. The city is also home to numerous universities and cultural institutions, contributing significantly to Vietnam’s intellectual and artistic scene.
3. Hai Phong
Overview
Hai Phong, with a population of around 2 million, is Vietnam’s third-largest city and one of its key industrial and port cities. Located in the northeastern part of the country, Hai Phong is an essential port along the Gulf of Tonkin, making it a strategic location for trade and industry.
Port City Legacy
Hai Phong has a long history as a port city, serving as a critical maritime gateway during both French colonial times and the Vietnam War. Today, it remains an active port, handling much of northern Vietnam’s trade and goods transport.
Industrial and Economic Development
Known for its industrial zones and shipbuilding industry, Hai Phong plays a crucial role in Vietnam’s economy. The city’s economy also benefits from its port activities, and there has been significant investment in expanding infrastructure to support increased trade and manufacturing.
4. Da Nang
Overview
Da Nang, with a population of about 1.3 million, is a major port city on the central coast of Vietnam. Known for its stunning beaches and close proximity to UNESCO World Heritage sites like Hoi An and My Son, Da Nang is a city of both natural beauty and growing urbanization.
Cultural and Strategic Importance
Historically, Da Nang served as a key trading port and has roots in both Vietnamese and Cham cultures. During the Vietnam War, it was a strategic military location, and remnants of this history can still be seen today. The city is now known for its modern infrastructure and attractive tourist destinations.
Tourism and Economic Growth
Tourism is a significant part of Da Nang’s economy, with attractions such as My Khe Beach and the Marble Mountains drawing visitors from around the world. In addition, the city has a growing tech sector, and numerous infrastructure projects, such as the Dragon Bridge, symbolize its economic progress.
5. Bien Hoa
Overview
Bien Hoa, with a population of around 1.2 million, is located just northeast of Ho Chi Minh City. Known for its industrial areas and proximity to the economic center of Vietnam, Bien Hoa is an important city for manufacturing and logistics.
Industrial City Roots
Bien Hoa has long been an industrial center, especially during the American War (Vietnam War) when it served as a strategic base. Since then, it has grown into a major industrial zone with numerous factories and production facilities.
Economic Role
As one of Vietnam’s major manufacturing centers, Bien Hoa has numerous industrial parks that produce everything from electronics to textiles. The city’s economy benefits from its location within the Southern Key Economic Zone, which links it closely to Ho Chi Minh City’s markets and infrastructure.
6. Can Tho
Overview
Can Tho, often called the “Capital of the Mekong Delta,” has a population of about 1.2 million. Located in southern Vietnam, it is known for its unique river-based culture, floating markets, and role as the economic center of the fertile Mekong Delta region.
River Culture and Tourism
Can Tho’s Cai Rang Floating Market is one of the most famous floating markets in Vietnam, where vendors sell produce directly from boats. This market, along with Can Tho’s network of canals, makes it a popular destination for cultural tourism.
Economic Contributions
Agriculture and aquaculture are primary industries in Can Tho, with rice and fish being major exports. The city is also becoming a hub for trade and logistics within the Mekong Delta, contributing to Vietnam’s food security and export economy.
7. Nha Trang
Overview
Nha Trang, with a population of about 500,000, is a coastal city known for its beaches, islands, and marine life. Located in south-central Vietnam, Nha Trang is a major tourist destination, attracting visitors with its natural beauty and vibrant nightlife.
Tourism Hotspot
Nha Trang’s beaches, such as Tran Phu Beach, and nearby attractions like Vinpearl Island and the Po Nagar Cham Towers make it a favorite among both domestic and international tourists. The city also hosts an annual Sea Festival, celebrating its coastal culture.
Economy Driven by Tourism and Fishing
Tourism is the main economic driver in Nha Trang, but the city also has a strong fishing industry. Seafood processing and export contribute to the local economy, as do the city’s diving and snorkeling tours, which showcase Nha Trang’s coral reefs.
8. Hue
Overview
Hue, with a population of approximately 455,000, is a historic city in central Vietnam and the former imperial capital of the Nguyen Dynasty. Located along the Perfume River, Hue is known for its ancient palaces, temples, and tombs, many of which are UNESCO World Heritage sites.
Imperial Legacy
Hue served as the capital of Vietnam during the Nguyen Dynasty from 1802 to 1945. The city’s architecture, such as the Imperial City, reflects its imperial past, making Hue an important cultural and historical center in Vietnam.
Tourism and Economy
Tourism is the backbone of Hue’s economy, with historical sites like the Citadel and royal tombs attracting cultural tourists. The city also hosts festivals, such as the Hue Festival, which celebrates Vietnamese arts and traditions. Additionally, Hue’s food, known for its imperial cuisine, is a culinary attraction.
9. Vung Tau
Overview
Vung Tau, with a population of about 450,000, is a coastal city known for its beaches, oil industry, and proximity to Ho Chi Minh City. Located on a peninsula in southeastern Vietnam, Vung Tau is a popular getaway for residents of Ho Chi Minh City, as well as a hub for the country’s oil and gas industry.
Beach Destination
Vung Tau’s beaches, such as Back Beach and Front Beach, are popular among both local and international tourists. The city is also known for the Christ of Vung Tau statue, which overlooks the sea and is one of the largest Christ statues in Asia.
Oil Industry and Economic Role
The oil and gas industry is a significant contributor to Vung Tau’s economy. Numerous companies involved in offshore oil extraction operate here, making it a central location for Vietnam’s energy sector. Tourism also plays a crucial role in supporting the city’s economy.
10. Thai Nguyen
Overview
Thai Nguyen, with a population of around 400,000, is a city in northern Vietnam, located near Hanoi. Known for its tea plantations and steel industry, Thai Nguyen is a smaller but economically significant city, especially in the context of Vietnam’s industrial development.
Tea Culture
Thai Nguyen is famous for its high-quality green tea, which is regarded as some of the best in Vietnam. The tea plantations in the region are a symbol of the city’s heritage and play an essential role in the local economy.
Industrial Development
The city is home to Thai Nguyen Iron and Steel Corporation, one of the largest steel producers in Vietnam. Industrial growth has attracted investment to Thai Nguyen, further diversifying its economy and providing jobs to residents.
